Cultural Norms and Emotional Expression

Different cultures have different “rules” about what emotions are appropriate to show and when to show them. From a young age, a set of unspoken guidelines are instilled in people through daily life and are not necessarily taught in textbooks. Children observe their parents, teachers, and community members and then these patterns are passed down from generation to generation, becoming part of the culture’s identity.

In many East Asian cultures like Japan, China, and Korea, people are taught to control their feelings, especially negative ones, in order to maintain group harmony and avoid conflict. Displaying frustration, sadness, or anger is considered disrespectful and disruptive. Parents might gently correct a child who is throwing a tantrum in public. In contrast, in Western cultures like the United States, or some European countries, emotional openness is encouraged and viewed as a sign of confidence and individuality. Americans may openly share excitement, disappointment, or fear. Parents often encourage their children to “use their words” teaching them that it is healthy and acceptable to express their feelings. Other cultures fall somewhere in between. In the Middle East and Latin America, where family bonds are strong for example, emotions are expressed passionately and directly. Hugs, kisses, speaking loudly, and showing affection openly are common and acceptable. However, in some of these cultures, there may be certain expectations like men being discouraged from crying in public while women are expected to be more emotionally expressive. Sometimes religious and social norms frown upon public displays of affection.

Someone raised in a culture that values emotional restraint may feel uncomfortable around people who are very expressive. In contrast, an emotionally expressive person may see that same restraint as cold and distant. Understanding how cultural norms shape behavior can help us learn to respect diversity, appreciate other people's ways, and communicate more effectively.